Difference between revisions of "AlphaFold2"

Revision as of 13:27, 17 June 2022

AlphaFold2 predicts a protein's 3D folding structure by its amino acid sequence with the accuracy that is competitive with experimental results. This AI-powered structure prediction of AlphaFold2 has been recognized as the scientific breakthrough of the year 2021. The AlphaFold package is now installed in the new software stack on Euler.

Load modules

The AlphaFold module can be loaded as following.

$ env2lmod
$ module load gcc/6.3.0 openmpi/4.0.2 alphafold/2.1.1
Now run 'alphafold_init' to initialize the virtual environment

The following have been reloaded with a version change:
  1) gcc/4.8.5 => gcc/6.3.0

$ alphafold_init
(venv_alphafold) [jarunanp@eu-login-18 ~]$

Databases

The AlphaFold databases are available for all cluster users at /cluster/project/alphafold.

If you wish to download databases separately, you can see the instruction here.

Postprocessing

Similar plots as generated by the Colabfold jupyter notebook can be created by the alphafold-postprocessing python script. It is available on Euler as a module

module load gcc/6.3.0 alphafold-postprocessing
postprocessing.py -o plots/ work_directory/

The above command will process pkl files generated by alphafold in the folder work_directory/ and put the resulting plots into a folder plots/.

The postprocessing is integrated in the setup script described below.

Create a job script

A job script is a BASH script containing commands to request computing resources, set up the computing environment, run the application and retrieve the results.

Here is a breakdown of a job script called run_alphafold.bsub.

Request computing resources

AlphaFold2 can run with CPUs only, or with CPUs and GPUs which help speed up the computation significantly. Here we request 12 CPU cores, in total 120GB of memory, in total 120GB of local scratch space and one GPU.

#!/usr/bin/bash
#BSUB -n 12                                                    # Number of CPUs
#BSUB -W 24:00                                                 # Runtime
#BSUB -R "rusage[mem=10000, scratch=10000]"                    # CPU memory and scratch space per CPU core
#BSUB -R "rusage[ngpus_excl_p=1] select[gpu_mtotal0>=10240]"   # Number of GPUs and GPU memory 
#BSUB -R "span[hosts=1]"                                       # All CPUs in the same host
#BSUB -J alphafold                                             # Job name

Set up a computing environment for AlphaFold

source /cluster/apps/local/env2lmod.sh
module load gcc/6.3.0 openmpi/4.0.2 alphafold/2.1.1
source /cluster/apps/nss/alphafold/venv_alphafold/bin/activate

Enable Unified Memory (if needed)

If the input protein sequence is too large for a single GPU memory (approximately larger than 1500aa), enable Unified Memory to bridge the system memory to the GPU memory so that you can oversubscribe the GPU memory of a single GPU.

...
#BSUB -R "rusage[ngpus_excl_p=4] select[gpu_mtotal0>=10240]"
...
export TF_FORCE_UNIFIED_MEMORY=1
export XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_MEM_FRACTION="4.0"

Define paths

# Define paths to databases, fasta file and output directory
DATA_DIR="/cluster/project/alphafold"
FASTA_DIR="/cluster/home/jarunanp/fastafiles"
OUTPUT_DIR=${SCRATCH}/protein_name/output

For the output directory, there are two options.

Use $SCRATCH (max 2.7TB), $HOME (max. 20GB) or group storage (/cluster/project or /cluster/work), e.g.,

OUTPUT_DIR=${SCRATCH}/protein_name/output

Use the local /scratch as the output directory. To do so, request the scratch space with BSUB options, e.g., here requesting 120GB scratch space in total. At the end of the computation, don't forget to copy the result from there.

#BSUB -n 12
#BSUB -R "rusage[scratch=10000]"
...
OUTPUT_DIR=${TMPDIR}/output
...
python /path/run_alphafold.py ...
...
cp ${TMPDIR}/output ${SCRATCH}/protein_name

Start Multi-Process Service on GPU (version >= 2.1.2)

From the version 2.1.2, it is possible to enable running relaxation on GPU with the option --use_gpu_relax=1. This option will try to create multiple contexts on the GPU but the default GPU computing mode is exclusive and does not allow creating multiple contexts. This can be circumvented by starting Multi-Process Service with the command

nvidia-cuda-mps-control -d

Call Python run script

python /cluster/apps/nss/alphafold/alphafold-2.1.1/run_alphafold.py \
--data_dir=$DATA_DIR \
--output_dir=$OUTPUT_DIR \
--max_template_date="2021-12-06" \
--bfd_database_path=$DATA_DIR/bfd/bfd_metaclust_clu_complete_id30_c90_final_seq.sorted_opt \
--uniref90_database_path=$DATA_DIR/uniref90/uniref90.fasta \
--uniclust30_database_path=$DATA_DIR/uniclust30/uniclust30_2018_08/uniclust30_2018_08 \
--mgnify_database_path=$DATA_DIR/mgnify/mgy_clusters_2018_12.fa \
--template_mmcif_dir=$DATA_DIR/pdb_mmcif/mmcif_files \
--obsolete_pdbs_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb_mmcif/obsolete.dat \

Then, define the input fasta file, select the model preset (monomer or multimer) and define the path to structure databases accordingly.

For a monomeric protein

--fasta_paths=$FASTA_DIR/ubiquitin.fasta \
--model_preset=monomer \
--pdb70_database_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb70/pdb70

For a multimeric protein

--fasta_paths=$FASTA_DIR/IFGSC_6mer.fasta \
--model_preset=multimer \
--pdb_seqres_database_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb_seqres/pdb_seqres.txt \
--uniprot_database_path=$DATA_DIR/uniprot/uniprot.fasta

Enable relaxation on GPU (version >= 2.1.2)
In this version, it is possible to enable running relaxation on GPU with the option --use_gpu_relax. Please see above how to start MPS to use this option.

--use_gpu_relax=1

Disable Multi-Process Service (version >= 2.1.2)

If MPS is enabled before running AlphaFold, disable MPS with the command

echo quit | nvidia-cuda-mps-control

Submit a job

Submit a job with the command

$ bsub < run_alphafold.bsub

The screen output is saved in the output file named starting with lsf.o followed by the JobID, e.g., lsf.o195525946. Please see this page for how to read the output file.

From our benchmark, it took around 40 minutes to fold Ubiquitin[76aa] and 2.5 hours to fold T1050[779aa].

Setup script

This setup script creates a job script with estimate computing resources depending on the input protein sequence. To download the setup script:

git clone https://gitlab.ethz.ch/sis/alphafold_on_euler

Usage:

./setup_alphafold_run_script.sh -f [Fasta file] -w [work directory] --max_template_date yyyy-mm-dd

Example:

$ ./setup_alphafold_run_script.sh -f ../../fastafiles/IFGSC_6mer.fasta -w $SCRATCH
 Reading /cluster/home/jarunanp/alphafold_run/fastafiles/IFGSC_6mer.fasta
 Protein name:            IFGSC_6mer
 Number of sequences:     6
 Protein type:            multimer
 Number of amino acids:
                   sum: 1246
                   max: 242
 Estimate required resources:
   Run time: 24:00
   Number of CPUs: 12
   Total CPU memory: 120000
   Number of GPUs: 1
   Total GPU memory: 20480
   Total scratch space: 120000
 Output an LSF run script for AlphaFold2: /cluster/scratch/jarunanp/run_alphafold.bsub

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{back_to_tutorials}}
+[https://deepmind.com/research/case-studies/alphafold AlphaFold2] predicts a protein's 3D folding structure by its amino acid sequence with [https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology the accuracy that is competitive with experimental results]. This AI-powered structure prediction of AlphaFold2 has been recognized as [https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-2021#section_breakthrough the scientific breakthrough of the year 2021]. [https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold The AlphaFold package] is now installed in the new software stack on Euler.
 == Load modules ==
-[https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold AlphaFold2] is installed in the new software stack and can be loaded as following.
+The AlphaFold module can be loaded as following.
   $ env2lmod
   $ module load gcc/6.3.0 openmpi/4.0.2 alphafold/2.1.1
@@ Line 15: / Line 17: @@
 == Databases ==
-The AlphaFold databases has the total size when unzipped of 2.2 TB. Users can download the databases to $SCRATCH. However, if there are several users of AlphaFold in your group, institute or department, we recommend to use a group storage.
+The AlphaFold databases are available for all cluster users at '''/cluster/project/alphafold'''.
+If you wish to download databases separately, you can see the instruction [[Downloading Alphafold databases|here]].
-For D-BIOL members, the AlphaFold databases are currently located at /cluster/work/biol/alphafold.
+== Postprocessing ==
-== Download the AlphaFold databases to your $SCRATCH ==
+Similar plots as generated by the [https://colab.research.google.com/github/sokrypton/ColabFold/blob/main/AlphaFold2.ipynb Colabfold jupyter notebook] can be created by the [https://gitlab.ethz.ch/sis/alphafold-postprocessing alphafold-postprocessing python script].
-* Download and install aria2c in your $HOME
+It is available on Euler as a module
- $ cd $HOME
+  module load gcc/6.3.0 alphafold-postprocessing
- $ wget https://github.com/aria2/aria2/releases/download/release-1.36.0/aria2-1.36.0.tar.gz
+  postprocessing.py -o plots/ work_directory/
- $ tar xvzf aria2-1.36.0.tar.gz
- $ cd aria2-1.36.0
-  $ module load gcc/6.3.0 gnutls/3.5.13 openssl/1.0.1e
-  $ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.local
- $ make
- $ make install
- $ export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
- $ which aria2c
- ~/.local/bin/aria2c
-* Check if you have enough space in your $SCRATCH. You may need to free up your $SCRATCH in case there is not enough space.
+The above command will process ''pkl'' files generated by ''alphafold'' in the folder ''work_directory/'' and put the resulting plots into a folder ''plots/''.
- $ lquota
- +-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
- | Storage location:           | Quota type: | Used:            | Soft quota:      | Hard quota:      |
- +-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
- | /cluster/home/jarunanp      | space       |         10.38 GB |         17.18 GB |         21.47 GB |
- | /cluster/home/jarunanp      | files       |            85658 |           160000 |           200000 |
- +-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
- | /cluster/shadow             | space       |         16.38 kB |          2.15 GB |          2.15 GB |
- | /cluster/shadow             | files       |                7 |            50000 |            50000 |
- +-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
- | /cluster/scratch/jarunanp   | space       |          2.42 TB |          2.50 TB |          2.70 TB |
- | /cluster/scratch/jarunanp   | files       |           201844 |          1000000 |          1500000 |
- +-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+
-* Create a folder for the databases
+The postprocessing is integrated in the setup script described below.
- $ cd $SCRATCH
- $ mkdir alphafold_databases
-* Download the databases: you can call a script to download all the databases or call a script for each databases. These scripts are in the same directory $ALPHAFOLD_ROOT/scripts/.
+== Create a job script ==
+A job script is a BASH script containing commands to request computing resources, set up the computing environment, run the application and retrieve the results.
- $ bsub -W 24:00 "$ALPHAFOLD_ROOT/scripts/download_all_data.sh $SCRATCH/alphafold_databases"
+Here is a breakdown of a job script called ''run_alphafold.bsub''.
-== Submit a job ==
+=== Request computing resources ===
-Here is an example of a job submission script (job_script.bsub) which requests 12 CPU cores, in total 120GB of memory, in total 120GB of local scratch space and one GPU.
+AlphaFold2 can run with CPUs only, or with CPUs and GPUs which help speed up the computation significantly. Here we request 12 CPU cores, in total 120GB of memory, in total 120GB of local scratch space and one GPU.
   #!/usr/bin/bash
-  #BSUB -n 12
+  #BSUB -n 12                                                    # Number of CPUs
-  #BSUB -W 4:00
+  #BSUB -W 24:00                                                 # Runtime
-  #BSUB -R "rusage[mem=10000, scratch=10000, ngpus_excl_p=1]"
+  #BSUB -R "rusage[mem=10000, scratch=10000]"                    # CPU memory and scratch space per CPU core
-  #BSUB -J alphafold
+ #BSUB -R "rusage[ngpus_excl_p=1] select[gpu_mtotal0>=10240]"   # Number of GPUs and GPU memory
+ #BSUB -R "span[hosts=1]"                                       # All CPUs in the same host
+  #BSUB -J alphafold                                             # Job name
+=== Set up a computing environment for AlphaFold ===
   source /cluster/apps/local/env2lmod.sh
   module load gcc/6.3.0 openmpi/4.0.2 alphafold/2.1.1
   source /cluster/apps/nss/alphafold/venv_alphafold/bin/activate
-  # Define paths to databases
+=== Enable Unified Memory (if needed) ===
-  DATA_DIR="/cluster/scratch/jarunanp/21_10_alphafold_databases"
+If the input protein sequence is too large for a single GPU memory (approximately larger than 1500aa), enable Unified Memory to bridge the system memory to the GPU memory so that you can oversubscribe the GPU memory of a single GPU.
+  ...
+ #BSUB -R "rusage[ngpus_excl_p=4] select[gpu_mtotal0>=10240]"
+ ...
+ export TF_FORCE_UNIFIED_MEMORY=1
+ export XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_MEM_FRACTION="4.0"
+=== Define paths ===
+  # Define paths to databases, fasta file and output directory
+  DATA_DIR="/cluster/project/alphafold"
+ FASTA_DIR="/cluster/home/jarunanp/fastafiles"
+  OUTPUT_DIR=${SCRATCH}/protein_name/output
+For the output directory, there are two options.
+* Use $SCRATCH (max 2.7TB), $HOME (max. 20GB) or group storage (/cluster/project or /cluster/work), e.g.,
+ OUTPUT_DIR=${SCRATCH}/protein_name/output
+* Use the local /scratch as the output directory. To do so, request the scratch space with BSUB options, e.g., here requesting 120GB scratch space in total. At the end of the computation, don't forget to copy the result from there.
+ #BSUB -n 12
+ #BSUB -R "rusage[scratch=10000]"
+ ...
+ OUTPUT_DIR=${TMPDIR}/output
+ ...
+ python /path/run_alphafold.py ...
+ ...
+ cp ${TMPDIR}/output ${SCRATCH}/protein_name
+=== Start Multi-Process Service on GPU (version >= 2.1.2) ===
+From the version 2.1.2, it is possible to enable running relaxation on GPU with the option --use_gpu_relax=1. This option will try to create multiple contexts on the GPU but the default GPU computing mode is exclusive and does not allow creating multiple contexts. This can be circumvented by starting [https://docs.nvidia.com/deploy/mps/index.html Multi-Process Service] with the command
+ nvidia-cuda-mps-control -d
+=== Call Python run script ===
   python /cluster/apps/nss/alphafold/alphafold-2.1.1/run_alphafold.py \
   --data_dir=$DATA_DIR \
-  --output_dir=$TMPDIR \
+  --output_dir=$OUTPUT_DIR \
   --max_template_date="2021-12-06" \
   --bfd_database_path=$DATA_DIR/bfd/bfd_metaclust_clu_complete_id30_c90_final_seq.sorted_opt \
@@ Line 80: / Line 95: @@
   --uniclust30_database_path=$DATA_DIR/uniclust30/uniclust30_2018_08/uniclust30_2018_08 \
   --mgnify_database_path=$DATA_DIR/mgnify/mgy_clusters_2018_12.fa \
- --pdb70_database_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb70/pdb70 \
   --template_mmcif_dir=$DATA_DIR/pdb_mmcif/mmcif_files \
   --obsolete_pdbs_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb_mmcif/obsolete.dat \
- --fasta_paths=ubiquitin.fasta
- # Copy the results from the compute node
- mkdir -p output
- cp -r $TMPDIR/* output
+Then, define the input fasta file, select the model preset (monomer or multimer) and define the path to structure databases accordingly.
+* For a monomeric protein
+ --fasta_paths=$FASTA_DIR/ubiquitin.fasta \
+ --model_preset=monomer \
+ --pdb70_database_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb70/pdb70
+* For a multimeric protein
+ --fasta_paths=$FASTA_DIR/IFGSC_6mer.fasta \
+ --model_preset=multimer \
+ --pdb_seqres_database_path=$DATA_DIR/pdb_seqres/pdb_seqres.txt \
+ --uniprot_database_path=$DATA_DIR/uniprot/uniprot.fasta
+''' Enable relaxation on GPU (version >= 2.1.2)'''<br>
+In this version, it is possible to enable running relaxation on GPU with the option --use_gpu_relax. Please see above how to start MPS to use this option.
+ --use_gpu_relax=1
+=== Disable Multi-Process Service (version >= 2.1.2) ===
+If MPS is enabled before running AlphaFold, disable MPS with the command
+ echo quit | nvidia-cuda-mps-control
+== Submit a job ==
 Submit a job with the command
-  $ bsub < job_script.sh
+  $ bsub < run_alphafold.bsub
 The screen output is saved in the output file named starting with ''lsf.o'' followed by the JobID, e.g., lsf.o195525946. Please see [[Job output|this page]] for how to read the output file.
-From testing folding [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/3h7p/protein/1 ubiquitin.fasta] with AlphaFold, it took around 40 minutes to finish for the databases stored on $SCRATCH.
+From [[Downloading_Alphafold_databases#Benchmark_results|our benchmark]], it took around 40 minutes to fold Ubiquitin[76aa] and 2.5 hours to fold T1050[779aa].
+== Setup script ==
+This setup script creates a job script with estimate computing resources depending on the input protein sequence. To download the setup script:
-== Benchmark results ==
+ git clone https://gitlab.ethz.ch/sis/alphafold_on_euler
-AlphaFold2 uses HHsearch and HHblits from the HH-suite to perform protein sequence searching. The HH-suite searches do many random file access and read operations. Therefore, it is recommended to store the databases of AlphaFold on a solid state drive (SSD) due to the significantly higher input/output speed (IOPS) compared to a traditional mechanical hard disk drive (HDD).
-We compare here the performance of AlphaFold reading the data from our three central storage.
+Usage:
-* '''/cluster/scratch''' is a fast, short-term, personal storage based on SSD
-* '''/cluster/project''' is a long-term group storage which uses HDD for the permanent storage and NVMe flash caches to accelerate the reading speed
+ ./setup_alphafold_run_script.sh -f [Fasta file] -w [work directory] --max_template_date yyyy-mm-dd
-* '''/cluster/work''' is a fast, long-term, group storage based on HDD and suitable for large files
+Example:
+ $ ./setup_alphafold_run_script.sh -f ../../fastafiles/IFGSC_6mer.fasta -w $SCRATCH
+  Reading /cluster/home/jarunanp/alphafold_run/fastafiles/IFGSC_6mer.fasta
+  Protein name:            IFGSC_6mer
+  Number of sequences:     6
+  Protein type:            multimer
+  Number of amino acids:
+                    sum: 1246
+                    max: 242
+  Estimate required resources:
+    Run time: 24:00
+    Number of CPUs: 12
+    Total CPU memory: 120000
+    Number of GPUs: 1
+    Total GPU memory: 20480
+    Total scratch space: 120000
+  Output an LSF run script for AlphaFold2: /cluster/scratch/jarunanp/run_alphafold.bsub
 == Further readings ==
-* [https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology Blog post about AlphaFold]
+* [https://deepmind.com/blog/article/alphafold-a-solution-to-a-50-year-old-grand-challenge-in-biology DeepMind Blog post: "AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology"]
+* [https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2021/08/computer-algorithms-revolutionise-biology.html ETH News: "Computer algorithms are currently revolutionising biology"]
+* [[AlphaFold2_presentation_21_March_2022#Slides | AlphaFold2 presentation slides 21 March 2022]]
+* [[Downloading_Alphafold_databases| Downloading AlphaFold databases and benchmark results]]
 {{back_to_tutorials}}

Difference between revisions of "AlphaFold2"

Revision as of 13:27, 17 June 2022

Load modules

Databases

Postprocessing

Create a job script

Request computing resources

Set up a computing environment for AlphaFold

Enable Unified Memory (if needed)

Define paths

Start Multi-Process Service on GPU (version >= 2.1.2)

Call Python run script

Disable Multi-Process Service (version >= 2.1.2)

Submit a job

Setup script

Further readings

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